What does the policy known as Totality of Circumstances refer to?

The policy known as Totality of Circumstances refers to the concept of assessing probable cause by considering all relevant factors surrounding a situation rather than focusing on a single element. This holistic approach allows law enforcement to evaluate the context of an encounter comprehensively, taking into account the behavior of individuals involved, environment, and any other pertinent circumstances that may influence an officer's perception and decision-making.

In practice, Totality of Circumstances helps ensure that assessments made—such as whether to use restraint or initiate an arrest—are grounded in a well-rounded understanding of the scenario rather than relying solely on one particular detail, which may not fully capture the complexity of the situation. By employing this policy, officers can make more informed, justifiable decisions that better reflect the realities of their encounters with the public.